E nānā pono ana i ka mālama kālāʻo kalaʻina (Co₂) mau mea kūʻai aku no ka meaʻaʻoleʻo nā mea huna hoʻolālā e alakaʻi i ka pale umauma a me nā mea maʻi. ʻO nā mea i paniʻia a paʻa paha i nā wahi paʻa a iʻole nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia, nā'āpana cO₂ e hōʻeha paha i ka sumfoccation a iʻole pose paha nā pilikia palekana palekana.